Yours eyes are a delicately balanced Eco-system in which tears play a large and important role. Every time you blink, tears form a coating that protects and nourishes the eyes' surface. When tear production is reduced, your eyes feel dry, scratchy and irritated.

Dry Eye, a condition that affects millions of people, is actually a group of conditions with a variety of causes. It may result when the eyes produce too little tear fluid, or when tears evaporate from the surface of the eye too rapidly.

Decreased tear production is particularly common in older adults, especially women. Some diseases, such as arthritis, can also lead to decreased tear production; and many medications can cause this as a side effect. Long term contact lens wear, certain infections, and certain types of surgery can decrease tear production as well.

Increased tear evaporation most commonly results from a dysfunction or inflammation within the eyelid margins themselves - a condition called Meibomian Gland Dysfunction/Meibomianitis/Blepharitis.

People with large eyes are also subject to high tear evaporation (eg patients with Thyroid eye disease).

Environmental conditions such as heating, air conditioning, and wind, and activities that decrease blink rate, such as driving, watching TV, or reading, all increase tear evaporation as well.

In all these dry-eye conditions the normal tear fluid loses water and becomes more concentrated. As a result of the tears "pull" water out of the surface of the eye, causing the dry-eye symptoms that usually worsen as the day goes on.

Do you suffer from Dry Eye Syndrome?
Instructions: Check the box for the symptoms or conditions you may have recently experienced. Please review this checklist with your Eye Specialist to determine if you need to be tested for Dry Eye Syndrome.
· Dryness of the eye
· Mucous discharge
· Redness
· Sandy or gritty feeling
· Itching
· Burning
· Constant or occasional tearing
· Watery eyes
· Light sensitivity
· Eye pain or soreness
· Lid infections
· Sties
· Tired eyes
· Contact lens discomfort
· Contact lens solution sensitivity
Related Conditions:
· Sinus congestion
· Nasal congestion
· Runny nose
· Post-nasal drip
· Chronic cough
· Bronchitis
· Allergies or hayfever
· Frequent colds
· Middle ear congetsion
· Sneezing
· Dry throat or mouth
· Headaches
· Asthma
· Muscle pain

Important reminders for Dry Eye Sufferers
Among those who suffer from Dry Eye Syndrome and related tearing disorders, nearly half also experience realated symptoms involving the nose, throat, and sinus.
These include:
· Nasal or sinus congetsion, post nasal drip, and sneezing.
· Allergy and hayfever symptoms.
· Middle ear congestion.
· Chronic coughing.
· Headaches.

Two types of tears.
Your eyes are lubricated by two different types of tears produced by the tear glands in your upper and lower eyelids.
Constant tears are continuously produced to lubricate the eye at all times, and contain natural antibiotics to fight infections.
Reflex tears are only produced in response to irritation, injury or emotion to help rinse the surface of the eye.
A delicate balance between constant and reflex tears, in addition to a satisfactory blink reflex, helps ensure that your eyes will be comfortable, well-lubricated and well-protected.
If you experience one or any combination of the following symptoms, you may be suffering from a medical condition known as Dry Eye:

o Burning & Stinging
o Gritty feeling when there is nothing in your eye
o Dryness
o Itching
o Sensitivity to bright lights
o Mucous secretions in the eye

Ironically, the tear producing glands sometimes react to the dry, scratchy feeling by watering more than ever. But these "reflex tears" do not relieve the dryness as they lack some of the natural components that are essential to lubricate the cornea properly.

What Causes Dry Eye?
There are many possible causes of dry eye. The most common include:

The Aging Process
As we grow older, our eyes produce fewer lubricating tears. In fact, the volume of lubricating constant tears can be as much as 60% less at age 65 than at age 18. This reduction in constant tear flow and resulting eye irritation may cause occasional excessive reflex tearing.A condition associated with arthritis, known as Sjogren's syndrome, can also dry out the mouth and the eyes.

Menopause & Pregnancy
While men and women of any age can be affected, women are more prone to develop dry eyes after menopause and during pregnancy.

Contact Lenses
Contact lens wear can dramatically increase tear evaporation, causing irritation, infection, protein deposits, and discomfort. Research shows that dry eye is the lending cause of contact lens discomfort.

Medication
Common medications such as decongestants, antihistamines, diuretics, beta-blockers, sleeping pills, anti-depressants, pain relievers, and alcohol can cause decrease in tear secretion. Frequent use of preserved eye drops or artificial tears can also aggravate dry eye conditions.

Environment
Just about everywhere you turn in this world, you run into something that can dry out your eyes. These include sunny, windy, dry conditions; heaters, dehumidifiers, fans or air conditioners, high altitudes; smoke or air pollution; sand, dust, or airborne pollen. The list is virtually endless.
Diagnosing Dry Eye Syndrome

Your optometrist may use a combination of several methods to determine whether you have Dry Eye.
Eye Drops
A few drops containing dye in each eye will help your optometrist check for any dry spots or areas where the cornea has become damaged by dehydration. Using a microscope he can evaluate both the quality and the quantity of your tears.

Schirmer Test
This simple, painless test assesses tear volume. By placing the tip of a specially treated strip of paper in the lower lid of your eye, your doctor is able to measure the amount of tears your eye produces in a given period.

Temporary Closing of Tear Ducts
In this method, your physician inserts small dissolvable collagen plugs into your tear ducts to prevent tear drainage and allow tears to build up and bathe the eyes. Collagen plugs dissolve in just a few days. If you get relief from your symptoms during this test period, your physician may recommend permanent closure of your tear ducts with long-term plugs.

Short-term Relief with Artificial Tears
For patients with less severe dry eye symptoms, artificial tears can often offer immediate relief. Unfortunately, this remedy is usually temporary. While artificial tears may soothe the eyes initially, they can increase the possibility of infection by washing away the natural infection-fighting tear film of the eye.
This is why patients with more severe cases of dry eye may benefit from having their tear ducts permanently closed. This long-term solution allows patients to use their own natural tears to treat their condition.

Long-term Relief with Punctal Plugs

There is a simple non-surgical procedure that provides long-term relief of Dry Eye that involves the use of permanent, yet removable plugs called punctal plugs.

There are a number of reasons why punctal plugs have become the most popular method of treating dry eye. They have a very high rate of success; and the optometrist can insert them easily and painlessly. They are also reversible if too much tearing is produced.

The idea behind punctal plugs is simple. Tiny, non-dissolvable plugs are inserted into your tear drainage ducts (puncta) where they act as a dam. Therefore, your precious tears have no other way place go except onto the surface of your eyes.

Diagram of the EAGLE-VISION Punctal Plug into the drainage system of the lower eyelid.




Diagram of the Herrick Canicular Plug in the drainage system of the lower eyelid

More than 300,000 dry eye sufferers have been successfully treated, through punctal and canalicular occlusion.
Here's how they work:
By blocking the tear drains, more natural infection-fighting tears bathe and soothe the eye, which may eliminate the need for eye drops altogether. Punctal Plugs can also reduce or eliminate the major cause of contact lens discomfort.
Eye drops and artificial tears in general temporarily soothe the symptoms of Dry Eye Syndrome. Sometimes, these solutions can actually wash away the natural infection-fighting tear film on the eye. Also most artificial tears contain preservatives which can disrupt the mucous layer of the tears, that is required to hold your natural tears in place on the eye.
THERA TEARS
If you have sandy, gritty irritated eyes or burning eyes, and these symptoms get worse as the day goes on, you're probably one of the millions with the problem eye doctors call "dry eye."
Now, after years of research, the good news is that we finally understand dry eye, and there is something you can do about it.

Why Does Your Eye Need Tears Anyway?
Did you ever wonder why the eye is covered by tears? It's because the delicate living tissue on the surface of your eye has no blood supply-it has a tear supply instead. So rather than getting important things like oxygen and electrolytes from the blood, your eye surface gets them from the watery layer of your tears.
What Happens In Dry Eye?
In dry eye the tear film on the eye surface loses water because of either decreased tear production or increased evaporation. And as evaporation continues throughout the day, your eyes feel drier and drier.
What Causes Dry Eye?
The most common cause of dry eye is aging. As we get older we produce fewer tears, and evaporation increases. Other common causes include contact lens wear, sun, wind, dry air, reading, computer use and certain medications. Dry eye is seen with certain diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome as well.

20 Years of Clinical Research, testing and development by an eye physician focused on one goal: to develop an effective medication for dry eye. The result: a medical breakthrough called TheraTears.

TheraTears has the extra water needed to rehydrate the tear film and quench dryness of the eye, and the patented electrolyte balance that promotes natural healing and provides dry-eye relief.
Preservative-free TheraTears Works Two Ways:
Hypotonic - More Moisture Per Drop
Each drop of TheraTears contains extra water, relative to its other ingredients, to more effectively quench dryness of the eye.
Patented Balance of Electrolytes
The eye surface depends upon the tears for a special balance of electrolytes. By providing your eyes with this electrolyte balance, and the extra water needed to rehydrate your tear film, TheraTears creates the environment needed to promote natural healing and provide dry-eye relief.

TheraTears in preservative-free single-use containers is designed to saturate dry eyes, providing the dosing that is ideal for very dry eyes. For maximum hydration and relief of dryness, doctors may recommend saturation dosing--splitting the entire contents of one container, in both eyes within a 5-minute period after opening at least 4 times a day.

TheraTears Liquid Gel is a thicker version of TheraTears that is perfect for night time, or for those who need a longer-lasting protective film during the day. Because TheraTears Liquid Gel is so long-lasting, it is formulated without a preservative so that unlike preserved gels, there never needs to be a concern regarding preservative-induced irritation. And because of its patented electrolyte balance, you will never experience the "electrolyte imbalance toxicity" you may get from other products..